Pirates of Africa’s Somali coast: On terrorism’s brink?

This article will examine and evaluate the potential threat of maritime terrorism in Africa, in particular the threat posed at present off the Somali coast. Africa’s porous borders have provided an ideal conduit for the export of terrorism on land, and now its unguarded coastlines are a potential new thoroughfare for maritime terrorists to operate at sea. In Africa, the threat to maritime security and the proliferating threat of ungoverned spaces have lethally combined to spawn the major threat of piracy and now also the potential threat of maritime terrorism off the insecure coastline of Somalia. At the time of writing, the security threats and challenges posed by the rapid proliferation of piracy remains, and have continued to be so throughout 2009.As of recent, maritime experts observe that the waters off the coast of Somalia and the Gulf of Aden have emerged as the most dangerous zones for seafarers

THE PROWGUE OF THE CHRISTUS PAT/ENS AND EURIPIDEAN PROWGUES A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

The Christus patiens is a dramatic representation of the Passion of Christ, in which the literary conventions of classical tragedy, and especially the style and diction of Euripides, are extensively copied. In the printed tradition, it is generally described as a tragedy.l However, the defInition iJ1r668qt~ apaJ.ta1'tlC~ ('dramatic plot'), which occurs frequently in the manuscript tradition, seems to give a more accurate description of the nature of this poem. It is traditionally attributed to Gregory of Nazianzus, but its authenticity has been disputed by many scholars since the late sixteenth century. 2 Even after the detailed defence of the attribution to Gregory by Tullier (1969:11-74), many dissenting voices still remain. The present author (Swart 1990) regards the authorship of Gregory as probable, though not irrefutably proven, while the date of composition must be considered to be much earlier than the eleventh to twelfth century as suggested by some scholars. External evidence strongly suggests that the poem was composed before the sixth century. Thus it is a product of the early Byzantine period, and as such an interesting example of the way in which literary practices of Classical Antiquity were imitated by the Byzantines

Developments in currency and banking at the Cape between 1782 and 1825, with an account of contemporary controversies

The investigation that forms the substance of this thesis has been conducted on historical lines. An intensive study of the Currency and Banking developments in the old Cape Colony between the years 1782 and about 1825, reveals the typical currency development from a money economy to a credit economy. Prior to the beginning of the nineteenth century, there were no commercial banks with the result that there was no credit structure built up on a metallic reserve whereby the amount available for trade could have been multiplied several times. This study of the origin and development of the inconvertible paper rixdollar will enable us to form a correct judgement of the various methods adopted to supply the public exigencies, and the effects of such tampering, in destroying the credit as well as the value of the currency. It will be seen that inconvertible notes can be issued without any limit and when the issuers have a free hand, their value depends solely on the moderation of the issue. The inflation of an inconvertible paper currency may be either automatic or deliberate. The authorities may issue increased currency to meet what they believe to be trade demands, but, in fact, they may issue more than enough and the result will be unconscious inflation. The authorities will argue that more currency is needed because prices are rising, while their opponents will contend that prices are rising because too much currency is being issued. Further, this investigation will reveal the dangers of Government Banking and Government interference in the sphere of currency; the ease with which paper is issued and the difficulty of stopping the issue of notes. Inconvertible notes may be limited to an amount which can circulate without any depreciation, but in that case there can be no more of them than there would have been if they had been convertible, and no object is served by their being inconvertible. Generally, it may be said that the immediate cause of resort to inconvertible paper has almost always been the pressure of public finance. Funds must be raised in some way, and an additional issue of inconvertible notes affords the easiest, though not the best, method of raising them. Such issues lead eventually to uncertainty, discredit and depreciation, which harm the nation's credit and disorganise trade

The Effects of Creatine Monohydrate Supplementation on Anaerobic Performance

Multiple studies have been conducted on the effect of creatine monohydrate supplementation on muscular strength. However, evidence of the effect of creatine supplementation on anaerobic performance is less clear. PURPOSE: To determine if creatine supplementation impacts sprint speed and vertical jump height. METHODS: 10 females and 9 males (N=19) aged 21 ± 0 from the College of Saint Benedict and Saint John’s University participated in this randomized single blind study. Participants ingested creatine monohydrate or a placebo for 21 days and were tested on days 1, 6, 14, and 21. Day one tests were completed prior to the consumption of creatine or a placebo. Each test day participants completed three vertical jump tests and two 30-meter sprints. For both assessments the best result was used. RESULTS: Participants ingesting creatine were not found to have improved anaerobic performance within sprints or jumps compared to participants ingesting the placebo. There was a significant main effect of time (p = .039) found for sprint time with both groups combined. Simple main effects showed a significant decrease in sprint time in the treatment group (p \u3c .05) however, no significance was found between the control and treatment groups (p = .091). There was not found to be a main effect of treatment (p = .402), time (p = .069), or treatment*time interaction (p = .423) for vertical jump height. CONCLUSION: Creatine supplementation significantly decreased sprint speed, however, there wasn’t a significant difference from the control group. Creatine supplementation did not significantly impact vertical jump height. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: This study received funding from the OURS grant from the College of Saint Benedict Experiential Learning department

Partial-Wave Analyses of all Proton-Proton and Neutron-Proton Data Below 500 MeV

In 1993 the Nijmegen group published the results of energy-dependent partial-wave analyses (PWAs) of the nucleon-nucleon (NN) scattering data for laboratory kinetic energies below Tlab=350 MeV (PWA93). In this talk some general aspects, but also the newest developments on the Nijmegen NN PWAs are reported. We have almost finished a new energy-dependent PWA and will discuss some typical aspects of this new PWA; where it differs from PWA93, but also what future developments might be, or should be.Comment: Presentation at the 19th European Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physics, Groningen, The Netherlands, 23-27 August 2004. 4 pages REVTeX4, no figure

The Status of the Pion-Nucleon Coupling Constant

A review is given of the various determinations of the different piNN coupling constants in analyses of the low-energy pp, np, pbarp, and pi-p scattering data. The most accurate determinations are in the energy-dependent partial-wave analyses of the NN data. The recommended value is f^2 = 0.075 . A recent determination of f^2 by the Uppsala group from backward np cross sections is shown to be model dependent and inaccurate, and therefore completely uninteresting. We also argue that an accurate determination of f^2 using pp forward dispersion relations is not a realistic option.Comment: 19 pages, latex2e with a4wide.sty, more information is available at http://NN-OnLine.sci.kun.nl . Invited talk at FBXV, Groningen, The Netherlands, July 22-26, 1997. Invited talk at MENU97, Vancouver, B.C., Canada, July 28 - August 1, 199

The nucleon-sigma coupling constant in QCD Sum Rules

The external-field QCD Sum Rules method is used to evaluate the coupling constant of the light isoscalar-scalar meson (``$\sigma$'' or \epsilon) to the nucleon. The contributions that come from the excited nucleon states and the response of the continuum threshold to the external field are calculated. The obtained value of the coupling constant is compatible with the large value required in one-boson exchange potential models of the two-nucleon interaction.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figure

Premenstrual syndromes - An approach to diagnosis and treatment

No Abstract

Deuteron Dipole Polarizabilities and Sum Rules

The scalar, vector, and tensor components of the (generalized) deuteron electric polarizability are calculated, as well as their logarithmic modifications. Several of these quantities arise in the treatment of the nuclear corrections to the deuterium Lamb shift and the deuterium hyperfine structure. A variety of second-generation potential models are used and a (subjective) error is assigned to the calculations. The zero-range approximation is used to analyze a subset of the results, and a simple relativistic version of this approximation is developed.Comment: 14 pages, LaTex - submitted to Physical Review